Dental problems and oral microbiome alterations in ulcerative colitis

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Microbiology
• Immunology

Background:

• Ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis involves microbial dysregulation, leading to gut microbiome imbalance.
• Alterations in the oral microbiome are increasingly recognized as a factor in UC.
• UC patients often present with various dental issues, including periodontitis and higher DMFT index.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the association between ulcerative colitis and oral microbiome alterations.
• To highlight the potential of oral microbiome analysis as a biomarker for UC.
• To underscore the importance of dental manifestations in the comprehensive management of UC.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on ulcerative colitis and oral microbiome.
• Analysis of studies linking UC to specific oral pathogens and dental conditions.
• Examination of the role of oral microbiome in UC pathogenesis and potential as a biomarker.

Main Results:

• UC is associated with significant changes in oral microbiome composition, including reduced bacterial diversity.
• Periodontal pathogens like *Porphyromonas gingivalis* and *Fusobacterium nucleatum* are implicated.
• UC patients exhibit higher prevalence of dental caries, periodontitis, and other oral health problems.

Conclusions:

• The oral microbiome is a potential biomarker for ulcerative colitis, aiding personalized medicine approaches.
• Understanding the interplay between UC, oral microbiome, and immunology is crucial for integrated dental treatment.
• Dental manifestations and oral health status should be considered in the holistic care of ulcerative colitis patients.