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Bilingual language control during single-language production: does relocation to a new linguistic environment change
Angela de Bruin1, Cong Liu2, Danijela Trenkic3
1Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
Royal Society Open Science
|February 20, 2025
Summary
Bilinguals use language control to manage competing languages. This control, while proactive, showed no significant changes after relocation, suggesting environment may not define its application.
Area of Science:
- Psycholinguistics
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Bilingualism Research
Background:
- Bilinguals constantly manage two active languages, requiring language control.
- Understanding how language control adapts to environmental changes is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate language control mechanisms in bilinguals across single-language tasks.
- To examine the adaptation of language control to changing language environments.
- To assess the impact of relocation on language control strategies.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study with Mandarin-English bilinguals moving from China to the UK and a control group.
- Participants completed picture-naming and verbal-fluency tasks twice, seven months apart.
- Analysis of language order effects to assess proactive language control.
Main Results:
- Second language (L2) performance improved when used second, while first language (L1) performance showed less benefit or deterioration after L2 use.
- Bilinguals demonstrated proactive language control, particularly during L2 use, to manage L1 interference.
- No significant changes in language control effects were observed after relocation or between groups.
Conclusions:
- Language control is integral to bilingual language production.
- The specific language environment may not significantly alter the fundamental application of language control strategies.
- Bilingual language control is robust and less influenced by environmental shifts than anticipated.
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