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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores
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Solid-State Nanopore Sensors: Analyte Quantification by Event Frequency Analysis at High Voltages.

Julia Järlebark1, Wei Liu2, Amina Shaji1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Analytical Chemistry
|February 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We found that nanopore event frequency correlates with analyte concentration, offering a label-free detection method. This voltage-dependent relationship allows accurate concentration determination without calibration.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid-state nanopores are key for label-free single-molecule detection.
  • Current trace analysis focuses on molecule properties, less on event frequency and concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate voltage-dependent event frequency in nanopores.
  • Develop a method to determine analyte concentration using event frequency.
  • Validate the method for accuracy and applicability.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic investigation of event frequency versus applied voltage.
  • Development of data analysis algorithms for event counting at high voltages.
  • Testing with double-stranded DNA of varying sizes.

Main Results:

  • A linear relationship between event frequency and voltage for pores ≥10 nm.
  • Loss of linearity in smaller pores due to docking events, aligning with theory.
  • Electrophoretic mobility influences frequency; diffusivity does not.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore event frequency provides a calibration-free method for analyte concentration determination.
  • The method demonstrates high accuracy (10% error) with averaged experiments.
  • Applicable for bioanalytical applications, especially at higher voltages.