Extruded Epiphysis of the Distal Clavicle Resulting in Painful Nonunion: A Case Report
Kiyohisa Ogawa1, Yusuke Kawano2,3, Hirokazu Tochigi3,4
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eiju General Hospital, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Case:
A 17-year-old adolescent boy sustained right lateral clavicle physeal separation with the epiphysis displaced superiorly in the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ). The ossified epiphysis formed a painful nonunion with the clavicular metaphysis. Resection of the epiphysis has achieved an excellent outcome.
Conclusion:
Children and adolescents with lateral clavicle injuries often develop pseudodislocation of the ACJ in which the metaphysis is displaced due to physeal separation. By contrast, displacement of the unossified epiphysis is extremely difficult to diagnose both radiographically and clinically at the time of injury.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Fractures: Bone Repair
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification


