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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Routine and Recommended Adult Vaccination Rates Among US Adults, National Health
Armaan Jamal1,2, Shanaiya Jamal3
1Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. ajamal6@stanford.edu.
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|February 20, 2025
Summary
Racial and ethnic disparities in adult vaccination rates persist across the US, even after accounting for various factors. Targeted interventions are needed to achieve immunization equity for all populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Healthy People 2030 aims to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination rates.
- Understanding current adult vaccination coverage across different demographics is crucial for targeted public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine adult vaccination rates by race/ethnicity and sex in the United States.
- To identify persistent disparities in coverage for key vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 53,647 participants.
- Categorization of participants by race/ethnicity: White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian.
- Multivariate logistic regression, stratified by sex, to assess associations between race/ethnicity and vaccination coverage, controlling for covariates.
Main Results:
- Vaccination coverage for influenza, tetanus-diphtheria (Td), hepatitis A, pneumococcal, and shingles varied significantly by race/ethnicity.
- Racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage persisted for all examined vaccines, even after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors.
- Specific disparities were noted for Black and Hispanic/Asian females and Black males compared to White counterparts for certain vaccines (e.g., HPV, Td, pneumococcal).
Conclusions:
- Adjusting for covariates narrowed, but did not eliminate, racial/ethnic and sex differences in vaccination levels.
- Persistent disparities highlight the need for targeted interventions to achieve immunization equity.
- Efforts should focus on increasing vaccination rates across all populations to ensure equitable access and uptake.
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