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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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Hepatitis B vaccination.

R A Coutinho

    Journal of Virological Methods
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    PubMed
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hepatitis B vaccines are now available, derived from virus carriers. New DNA recombinant vaccines may overcome cost barriers and improve public health strategies for hepatitis B prevention.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) does not replicate in tissue culture, complicating conventional vaccine development.
    • The HBV surface antigen is abundant in the blood of some carriers, enabling plasma-derived vaccine production.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the development and public health implications of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines.
    • To explore strategies for hepatitis B vaccination based on disease incidence.
    • To address the limitations of current vaccines and the potential of new technologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the abundance of hepatitis B surface antigen from virus carriers to develop plasma-derived vaccines.
    • Considered vaccination strategies for low-incidence versus high-endemic areas.
    • Evaluated the cost constraints of current vaccines.

    Main Results:

    • Plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines are currently available.
    • Vaccination strategies should be tailored: targeted vaccination for high-risk groups in low-incidence areas and universal infant vaccination in endemic regions.
    • The cost of plasma-derived vaccines hinders widespread public health implementation.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines have been successfully developed.
    • Strategic vaccination approaches are recommended based on regional HBV prevalence.
    • Next-generation vaccines utilizing DNA recombinant technology are anticipated to offer a more accessible solution for hepatitis B prevention.