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Text understanding in GPT-4 versus humans.

Thomas R Shultz^1,2, Jamie M Wise^1,2, Ardavan S Nobandegani³

¹Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Royal Society Open Science

|February 21, 2025

Summary

This study found that GPT-4 demonstrates human-level text comprehension, excelling on difficult passages and showing key signs of genuine understanding like inference.

Keywords:

GPT-4 general AI generalization generative AI inference large language model

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Area of Science:

Artificial Intelligence
Cognitive Science
Natural Language Processing

Background:

Assessing artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities in understanding human language is crucial.
GPT-4 is a leading AI model with advanced natural language processing abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate GPT-4's text comprehension abilities compared to human performance.
To investigate GPT-4's capacity for inference and generalization in textual understanding.

Main Methods:

Administered a standardized discourse comprehension test to GPT-4 and human participants.
Utilized more challenging text passages, including those from university admission tests.
Analyzed GPT-4's performance for indicators of genuine understanding, such as inference and generalization.

Main Results:

GPT-4 performed comparably to humans on a standard comprehension test.
GPT-4 significantly outperformed high school and university students on more difficult texts.
GPT-4 exhibited key signatures of understanding, including generalization and inference.

Conclusions:

GPT-4 demonstrates a high level of text comprehension, comparable to humans.
GPT-4 shows advanced capabilities in inferring and generalizing information from text.
The findings suggest AI systems are approaching human-level understanding in complex textual tasks.