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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Published on: June 17, 2013

Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A

Kerstin Krauel^1,2,3, Hannah Brauer⁴, Carolin Breitling-Ziegler¹

¹Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.

JAMA Network Open

|February 21, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) showed mixed results for pediatric ADHD, improving interference control but worsening working memory. The treatment was safe and well-tolerated, with mild side effects.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2025

Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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Published on: June 17, 2013

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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Published on: May 23, 2011

Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability

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Published on: October 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Medical Devices

Background:

Pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lacks sustainable treatment options.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise but requires rigorous trials.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of optimized multichannel tDCS in pediatric ADHD.
To determine effect sizes for cognitive and clinical measures.

Main Methods:

A sham-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group randomized clinical trial (E-StimADHD) was conducted.
Participants (10-18 years) received tDCS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or right inferior frontal gyrus.
Cognitive tasks (working memory, interference control) were assessed.

Main Results:

tDCS targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus improved interference control (effect size, 0.30).
tDCS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex worsened working memory accuracy (effect size, -0.43).
Adverse events were mild and transient, with no significant difference between groups.

Conclusions:

Prefrontal anodal tDCS has small- to medium-sized effects in pediatric ADHD.
The chosen tDCS montage for the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex negatively impacted working memory.
Future tDCS designs for pediatric ADHD should integrate basic research findings on stimulation mechanisms.