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Nutritional status at diagnosis and its relationship with survival and relapse in Mexican children with acute

Alan E Guzmán-León1, Sergio Gallegos-Castorena2, Hugo Romo-Rubio2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.

BMC Cancer
|February 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Nutritional status in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) significantly impacts survival and relapse rates. Malnourished children face poorer outcomes, highlighting the importance of nutritional assessment in ALL treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exhibits variable survival rates globally.
  • Nutritional status (NS) assessment via anthropometry is explored for its link to treatment outcomes.
  • This study investigates the association between NS at diagnosis and relapse/mortality in Mexican pediatric ALL patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the relationship between nutritional status at diagnosis and treatment outcomes (relapse/mortality) in pediatric ALL patients.
  • To evaluate anthropometric indicators as predictors of survival and relapse in this cohort.
  • To provide insights into the prognostic value of nutritional status in childhood ALL.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 252 pediatric ALL patients.
  • Assessment of NS using anthropometric indicators (Z-scores) including weight, height, MUAC, TSF, and SSF.
  • Kaplan-Meier functions and Cox regression models were used to analyze survival, relapse, and event data.

Main Results:

  • Malnutrition, indicated by BMI, was linked to significantly lower survival rates (76% vs 63%, p=0.049).
  • Higher relapse rates were observed in patients with Triceps Skinfold (TSF) < -2 SD (41% vs 12%, p=0.007).
  • Stunting and low TSF increased mortality risk, while higher Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) Z-score decreased it.

Conclusions:

  • Nutritional status, assessed through anthropometry, is a significant predictor of survival and relapse in pediatric ALL patients.
  • Anthropometric measurements provide valuable prognostic information for childhood ALL.
  • Early nutritional assessment and intervention may improve outcomes for pediatric ALL patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
ALL, Acute lymphoblastic leukemiaBMI, body mass indexChildhood ALLNutritional statusSurvival rate

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