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Simultaneous Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Light Scattering Properties of the In Vivo Rat Brain Using Multispectral Diffuse Reflectance Imaging

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Optimizing the detection and characterization of bruises using multispectral imaging.

Leah S Wilk¹, Richelle J M Hoveling¹, Maud F A M van Velthoven²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Co van Ledden Hulsebosch Center, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

|February 22, 2025

Summary

Detecting bruises with alternate light sources (ALS) is limited by light scattering. This study uses a multispectral camera to find optimal wavelengths, improving bruise visualization and characterization over time.

Keywords:

Bruise age Estimation Bruise detection Forensic medicine Spectral imaging

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Forensic Science
Biophotonics

Background:

Sub-dermal hematoma detection is crucial in suspected physical abuse cases.
Current methods using alternate light sources (ALS) are limited by light scattering and healing-related changes.
Limited penetration depth and altered chromophore distribution obscure deep or healing bruises.

Purpose of the Study:

To overcome limitations of current bruise detection methods.
To determine optimal wavelengths for bruise detection and characterization over time.
To enhance visualization and evaluation of suspected physical abuse cases.

Main Methods:

Utilized a multispectral camera capturing 8 wavelengths simultaneously.
Employed observer-based scoring and a contrast-quantification algorithm.
Analyzed bruise contrast and optimal detection wavelengths as healing progresses.

Main Results:

Bruise contrast significantly increased at 480 nm, 620 nm, and 850 nm.
Optimal detection wavelength shifted from 850 nm towards 578 nm-480 nm during bruise healing.
Demonstrated wavelength-dependent contrast enhancement for bruise visualization.

Conclusions:

Multispectral imaging offers improved detection and characterization of sub-dermal hematomas.
Optimal wavelengths for bruise detection change dynamically during the healing process.
This technique enhances forensic evaluation in suspected physical abuse cases.