Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2025

Live Imaging of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox State in Primary Neurons using a Ratiometric Indicator
Published on: October 20, 2021
Characterization of the glutathione redox state in the Golgi apparatus
Carla Miró-Vinyals1, Sarah Emmert1, Gina Grammbitter2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Abstract:
Redox homeostasis is crucial for cell function, and, in eukaryotic cells, studying it in a compartmentalized way is essential due to the redox variations between different organelles. The redox state of organelles is largely determined by the redox potential of glutathione, EGSH, and the concentration of its reduced and oxidized species, [GS]. The Golgi apparatus is an essential component of the secretory pathway, yet little is known about the concentration or redox state of GSH in this organelle. Here, we characterized the redox state of GSH in the Golgi apparatus using a combination of microscopy and proteomics methods. Our results prove that the Golgi apparatus is a highly oxidizing organelle with a strikingly low GSH concentration (EGSH = - 157 mV, 1-5 mM). These results fill an important gap in our knowledge of redox homeostasis in subcellular organelles. Moreover, the new Golgi-targeted GSH sensors allow us to observe dynamic changes in the GSH redox state in the organelle and pave the way for further characterization of the Golgi redox state under various physiological and pathological conditions.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Golgi Apparatus
Protein Modifications in the RER
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
Transport Across the Golgi
Golgi Matrix Proteins
One of the first identified Golgi matrix proteins was GM130, a rod-like protein located in the cis-Golgi. Subsequently, many Golgi...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane
Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER

