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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
09:44

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

Listening-in-noise difficulties following stroke: a scoping review protocol.

Kelly Miles1,2, Scott Barnes2, Jae-Hyun Kim2

  • 1ECHO Lab, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia kelly.miles@mq.edu.au.

BMJ Open
|February 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Stroke survivors often experience listening difficulties in noisy settings, impacting their quality of life. This review maps existing literature to identify unmet needs and potential interventions for these listening challenges.

Keywords:
AudiologySpeech pathologyStroke

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An Automated System for Sound Localization Testing in Hearing-Impaired Listeners

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Listening difficulties are prevalent among stroke survivors, negatively affecting social interaction, work, and overall quality of life.
  • These challenges are often experienced in everyday noisy environments like cafes and workplaces.
  • The listening needs of stroke survivors are under-recognized and unmet due to limited understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of the literature on stroke survivors' experiences with listening in noisy environments.
  • To map the breadth and depth of existing research, including qualitative and quantitative data.
  • To identify contributing factors, knowledge gaps, and potential intervention strategies for listening difficulties post-stroke.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach will be used, synthesizing qualitative and quantitative study findings.
  • A comprehensive literature search will be conducted across multiple databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science) in February 2025.
  • Eligibility criteria include studies with stroke survivors focusing on listening-in-noise experiences or abilities, including mediating factors and interventions. Two independent reviewers will assess studies, with a third reviewer resolving disagreements.

Main Results:

  • This section is to be filled upon completion of the review.
  • The review will synthesize findings on stroke survivors' listening-in-noise abilities and experiences.
  • Identified gaps in knowledge and potential intervention strategies will be highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • This scoping review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on listening difficulties in stroke survivors.
  • It aims to inform future research and clinical practice to better address the unmet listening needs of this population.
  • Findings will guide the development of targeted interventions to improve quality of life for stroke survivors experiencing auditory challenges.