Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evaluation of a Chemically Defined, Long-Term Extender for Liquid Storage of Stallion Semen.

Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene·2025

Same author

Sperm Motility Evaluation in Stallion Fresh, Cooled and Frozen Semen Using a Portable Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis System.

Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene·2025

Same author

Penicillin and amikacin mixture has bactericidal activity equivalent to gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin mixture in equine frozen semen.

Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene·2022

Same author

Evaluation of Canine Sperm and Management of Semen Disorders.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2018

Same author

Immunocontraception in companion animals.

Theriogenology·2006

Same author

Theriogenology question of the month. What are the 3 management options for a mare with twin fetuses at this stage of gestation?

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·2006

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

A Standardized Approach for Multispecies Purification of Mammalian Male Germ Cells by Mechanical Tissue Dissociation and Flow Cytometry

A Standardized Approach for Multispecies Purification of Mammalian Male Germ Cells by Mechanical Tissue Dissociation and Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 12, 2017

Standardisation of Dog Sperm Morphology Classification.

Leonardo F C Brito¹, Marco C da Silva², Kara A Kolster³

¹Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene

|February 24, 2025

Summary

This study created an expert-classified dog sperm morphology image database. This resource aims to standardize canine sperm evaluation by providing a reliable reference for identifying normal and abnormal sperm presentations.

Keywords:

dog semen analysis sperm defects sperm morphology spermiogram

More Related Videos

Fish Sperm Assessment Using Software and Cooling Devices

Fish Sperm Assessment Using Software and Cooling Devices

Published on: July 28, 2018

Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation

Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: November 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2025

A Standardized Approach for Multispecies Purification of Mammalian Male Germ Cells by Mechanical Tissue Dissociation and Flow Cytometry

A Standardized Approach for Multispecies Purification of Mammalian Male Germ Cells by Mechanical Tissue Dissociation and Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 12, 2017

Fish Sperm Assessment Using Software and Cooling Devices

Fish Sperm Assessment Using Software and Cooling Devices

Published on: July 28, 2018

Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation

Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: November 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Animal Reproduction
Canine Fertility

Background:

Sperm morphology is crucial for canine fertility assessment.
Current visual examination methods show significant inter-observer variability.
Standardized reference databases are needed to improve classification accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an expertly annotated database of dog sperm morphology images.
To create an illustrated guide for classifying canine sperm morphology.
To promote standardization in dog sperm morphology analysis.

Main Methods:

Acquired 8817 images from 42 canine semen samples.
Evaluated images using phase-contrast microscopy at 1000× magnification.
Classified images by three veterinary specialists, establishing a consensus classification.

Main Results:

A reconciled database of 8817 images was created with >97% expert agreement.
57% of sperm were morphologically normal in the reconciled database.
Common defects included head (18%), midpiece (22%), and tail (7%) abnormalities.

Conclusions:

The expertly classified database and illustrated guide offer a standardized reference for canine sperm morphology.
This resource can aid in training and improve the consistency of fertility evaluations.
Standardized classification enhances the reliability of canine reproductive assessments.