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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Pembrolizumab-induced thyroid storm.

Ewelina Niedzialkowska1, Lark Steafo1, Sam Alsabti1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause rare but severe thyroid storm. This case highlights a patient with ovarian cancer who developed thyroid storm after pembrolizumab treatment, emphasizing the need for vigilance.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are revolutionary cancer treatments.
Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorspembrolizumabthyroid storm

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  • Immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) are common side effects of ICIs, often involving endocrine disorders.
  • Thyroid dysfunction occurs in 13-14% of patients on pembrolizumab, but thyroid storm is exceptionally rare.