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Numerical study of interstitial fluid flow behavior in osteons under dynamic loading.

Tianyu Liu¹, Baochuan Xiong¹, Xin Cui¹

¹Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

|February 25, 2025

Summary

Dynamic mechanical loading significantly enhances bone’s lacunar-canalicular network (LCN) fluid flow by altering pore volume. This study reveals how loading affects fluid transport crucial for bone health and tissue engineering.

Keywords:

Bone remodeling Dynamic mechanical loading Interstitial fluid flow Lacunar-canalicular system Strain amplitude and frequency

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Area of Science:

Biomechanical Engineering
Cellular Biology
Materials Science

Background:

Bone tissue's porous structure is vital for cell health and function.
The lacunar-canalicular network (LCN) facilitates nutrient and signaling molecule transport via interstitial fluid flow.
Fluid flow dynamics within the LCN under dynamic loading are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate interstitial fluid flow behavior within the LCN under dynamic loading.
To analyze the relationship between LCN pore volume changes and fluid velocity/pressure.
To understand the impact of varying loading frequencies and amplitudes on fluid dynamics.

Main Methods:

A fluid-solid coupling model of the Haversian canal, canaliculi, lacunae, and interstitial fluid was developed.
The model simulated interstitial fluid flow within the LCN under dynamic loading conditions.
Researchers examined the effects of varying loading frequencies and amplitudes on pore volume, fluid velocity, and pressure.

Main Results:

Increased strain amplitude significantly alters LCN pore volume, causing shrinkage during compression and recovery during unloading.
Higher strain amplitudes and frequencies lead to increased interstitial fluid velocity and pressure gradients within the LCN.
At 2500 µε load amplitude, average flow velocity increased 2.14 times compared to 1000 µε, and at 1000 µε, velocity increased with frequency.

Conclusions:

Dynamic mechanical loading enhances interstitial fluid flow in the LCN through pore volume modulation.
Loading promotes greater fluid flow in shallow lacunae compared to deep lacunae.
Findings have implications for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering strategies.