Structure Evolution of Organic Luminescent Molecules Utilizing Through-Space Charge Transfer Mechanism

Organic structures provide an extensive platform for luminescent materials thanks to the easy to design and synthesize, low toxicity and tunable functionalization. Through-space charge transfer (TSCT) in organic molecules, characterized by the transfer of excitons through spatial charge motion, has emerged as a significant research topic in optoelectronics, offering new avenues for the development of high-performance luminescent materials. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles of TSCT and highlights the recent advancements in organic small molecules that exhibit this emission mechanism. Key aspects covered include the molecular design strategies that enhance TSCT efficiencies, the role of charge transport spacers, and the correlation between molecular donor-acceptor structures and emission properties. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges and future directions in the field, emphasizing the importance of understanding TSCT for the development of next-generation light-emitting materials. By providing a comprehensive analysis of current research, this review serves as a crucial resource for researchers and practitioners aiming to innovate in the realm of organic optoelectronic materials, ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of TSCT processes and their practical applications.