Electrolytes Abnormalities in Cancer Patients

Electrolyte disorders are common in cancer patients and have significant impacts on treatment outcomes and quality of life. The frequency, severity, complexity, and etiology of fluid and electrolyte disorders are different among cancer patients when compared to the general population.

This review describes the key electrolyte imbalances and pathogenesis, including sodium disorders, potassium disorders, and abnormalities in magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus levels, within the context of cancer therapies. Cancer-specific therapies reviewed surgical and radiologic therapies, cellular therapies, use of checkpoint inhibitors, and traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy that can result in specific patterns of electrolyte derangements.

The objective of this article is to highlight clinical presentations and to discuss management of some cancer-specific electrolyte disturbances. This article underscores the importance of regular electrolyte monitoring and timely intervention in managing cancer patients.