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Opioid Treatment Programs and Risks for COVID-19 Infections, Emergency Visits, and Hospitalizations.

Ryan R Cook1, Kendra L Blalock2, Sanae El Ibrahimi2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Addiction Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. cookry@ohsu.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) significantly reduced COVID-19 diagnoses and complications for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). This finding supports continued access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment during public health emergencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic led to relaxed opioid treatment program (OTP) in-person dosing requirements.
  • Policy changes were welcomed and did not increase illicit opioid use, overdose, or diversion.
  • Effectiveness of these policy changes in mitigating COVID-19 among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) remained unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of treatment at OTPs on COVID-19 infection and complication rates.
  • Assessed COVID-19 diagnoses, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations.
  • Compared outcomes across different treatment modalities for OUD.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study from April 2020 to March 2021.
  • Included Oregon Medicaid beneficiaries with an OUD diagnosis (N = 24,654).
  • Time-varying exposure included OTP, office-based opioid medication treatment (OBOT), other non-medication treatment, or no treatment.

Main Results:

  • OTP patients had significantly lower risks of COVID-19 diagnoses compared to OBOT (37%), non-MOUD treatment (52%), and no treatment (37%).
  • OTP treatment was associated with reduced COVID-related emergency department visits compared to OBOT (40%), non-MOUD treatment (56%), and no treatment (46%).
  • OTP treatment showed a 64% risk reduction for COVID-19 related inpatient stays compared to non-MOUD treatment, with no significant difference compared to OBOT or no treatment.

Conclusions:

  • People with OUD receiving treatment at OTPs experienced lower risks of COVID-19 diagnoses and complications.
  • OTP treatment demonstrated protective effects against COVID-19 compared to other OUD treatment methods or no treatment.
  • Findings support the role of OTPs in mitigating infectious disease risks for individuals with OUD.