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Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Systemic Treatment: Disruptive Early-Stage Developments for Overcoming Stagnation in

Carlos Alonso-Ron1, Andrea Vethencourt2,3,4, Eva González-Suárez1,2

  • 1Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.

Cancers
|February 26, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks common targets, making chemotherapy standard. However, research is advancing with novel immunotherapies and precision oncology treatments for this aggressive disease.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Breast cancer (BC) diagnoses are rising globally, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprising 15-25% of cases.
  • TNBC is aggressive due to the absence of estrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptors (PRs), and HER2 overexpression, limiting targeted treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current treatment landscape for TNBC.
  • To highlight ongoing research and emerging therapies for TNBC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current systemic treatments for TNBC, including chemotherapy and targeted therapies.
  • Discussion of emerging therapies in early-stage trials, focusing on immunotherapy and precision oncology.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for TNBC.
  • Targeted therapies like PARP inhibitors (for BRCA-mutated TNBC), immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates show promise in specific subtypes.
  • Investigational therapies targeting pathways like PI3K/Akt/mTOR and CDK4/6 have yet to yield convincing results for TNBC.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, intense research driven by unmet medical needs is yielding disruptive therapies for TNBC.
  • Novel targets and cutting-edge advances in immunotherapy and precision oncology are being explored in early-stage trials for TNBC treatment.
Keywords:
monoclonal antibodyonco-immunotherapysmall molecule inhibitorsystemic treatmenttargeted therapytriple-negative breast cancer

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