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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Updated: May 25, 2025

gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
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Ancestry-Specific DNA Damage Repair Gene Mutations and Prostate Cancer.

Talaibek Borbiev1,2, Kevin Babcock3, Kayleigh Sinopole4

  • 1Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.

Cancers
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PubMed
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Germline mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes significantly impact prostate cancer (PCa) progression, especially aggressive forms. Genetic testing and understanding ancestral diversity are crucial for personalized PCa patient care and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men globally.
  • Germline mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are increasingly implicated in PCa pathogenesis and progression.
  • Ancestral diversity plays a role in the development and outcomes of PCa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on clinically significant germline mutations in DDR genes in prostate cancer.
  • To highlight the importance of ancestral diversity in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the role of germline genetic testing and its impact on patient care and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available studies on germline mutations in DDR genes and prostate cancer.
  • Analysis of data concerning ancestral diversity in prostate cancer development.
  • Discussion of current clinical guidelines and treatment implications based on genetic findings.

Main Results:

  • Germline mutations in DDR genes are associated with advanced and aggressive forms of prostate cancer.
  • Germline genetic testing is essential for personalized patient management and treatment selection.
  • Specific mutations in HR repair and MMR genes can guide therapeutic decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Germline DDR gene mutations are critical factors in prostate cancer progression and prognosis.
  • Incorporating genetic testing and considering ancestral diversity can improve prostate cancer patient outcomes.
  • Personalized treatment strategies informed by germline genetics are vital for effective prostate cancer management.