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Preterm Birth and SARS-CoV-2: Does a Correlation Exist?

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Pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection face a higher risk of preterm birth. Prevention and monitoring are crucial for better maternal and fetal outcomes.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2obstetric outcomespregnancy outcomespreterm birth

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has raised concerns about its effects on pregnancy.
  • Understanding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy outcomes, specifically preterm birth, is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize existing data on the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and preterm delivery in pregnant women.
  • To assess the risk of preterm birth in COVID-19-positive pregnant individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search conducted from March 2020 to December 2023.
  • Databases searched included PubMed and Web of Science, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Included studies that correlated maternal COVID-19 infection with preterm birth outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 13 studies revealed a higher incidence of preterm birth in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women.
  • Average preterm birth incidence was 18.5% in infected women versus 10% in non-infected controls.
  • Infections during the third trimester were associated with the highest risk of preterm birth.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is linked to an increased risk of preterm birth and cesarean delivery.
  • Symptom severity and comorbidities exacerbate the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes.
  • Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and implementing close monitoring for pregnant women are essential to reduce preterm birth rates.