Crude Protein Degradation Kinetics of Selected Tropical Forages in Buffalo Using NorFor In Situ Standards

This study aimed to evaluate the crude protein (CP) degradation kinetics and degradability (CPD) of cereal and legume fodder species grown at two geographically distant locations. Ten forage species, comprising six cereals (barley, maize, millet, oats, sorghum, and wheat) and four legumes (berseem, jantar, lucerne, and mustard), were evaluated to determine the effects of forage family, species, and location of growth on CP degradation fractions and effective CPD. The forage crops were cultivated under uniform agronomic practices at two distinct agro-ecological locations and were harvested at the booting stage (cereals) and 50% flowering stage (legumes). Dried and ground samples were incubated in the rumen of four Nili-Ravi buffalo fitted with rumen cannula. The incubation periods utilized in the experiment were 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h, and a 4 × 2 × 2 split-plot design was employed. The results showed that the CP degradation fractions and CPD were significantly affected by forage family, species, and location of growth. Wide variations in degradation kinetics and degradability existed among and within the cereal and legume fodders, with wheat and jantar ranked at the top. Legume forages had larger soluble fractions, smaller potentially degradable fractions, and rapid rates and extent of degradation of dietary proteins than cereal forages. The cooler climatic conditions at location 2 increased the rapidly degradable protein fraction and overall CPD, whereas the warmer climatic conditions enhanced the slowly degradable protein fractions, thereby reducing the overall protein degradability in tropical forages. It was quite evident that some fodder species, such as maize among the cereal fodders and mustard among the legume fodders, remained quite non-responsive to the effects of the climatic conditions. A moderately positive and linear relationship between the rate of degradation and CPD was established for cereals, whereas a strongly positive and quadratic relationship was established for legume fodders. In conclusion, forage species, family, and location of growth significantly affected the degradation fractions and degradability of tropical cereal and legume fodders.