Nutritional Status in Children with Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-A Narrative Review

In children with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD), malabsorption could add to a deficient nutritional status, resulting in impaired growth and weight and height deficits, as well as deficiencies in vitamins and micronutrients. This narrative review aims to assess the current evidence regarding the consequences of the concomitant diagnoses of CD and T1DM on the nutritional status of children. Results regarding the influence of CD and T1DM weight, height, and BMI are controversial, especially if we consider that most of the studies have a small number of patients and that adherence to a gluten-free diet is not adequately assessed. There is a lack of studies considering specific dietary habits and ethnic and cultural differences. Children with T1DM and longer time with positive serology for CD have lower levels of ferritin, vitamin D 25OH, and folate and also lower bone mineral density.