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Microbial Transglutaminase-The Food Additive, a Potential Inducing Factor in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

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Microbial transglutaminase (mTG), a food additive, may trigger autoimmunity by mimicking human antigens. This study found cross-reactivity between mTG and antigens linked to primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), suggesting a potential role in autoimmune disease development.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a bacterial enzyme used as a food additive.
  • mTG can form immunogenic epitopes, potentially leading to autoimmunity.
  • Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease associated with specific autoantibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate epitope similarity and cross-reactivity between mTG and PBC-specific antigens.
  • To explore the potential role of mTG in inducing autoimmunity via molecular mimicry.

Main Methods:

  • ELISA technique using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against mTG.
  • Testing mTG reactivity against nine different PBC-specific antigens.
  • In vitro studies using PBC patient sera to assess mTG's impact on antigen-antibody binding.

Main Results:

  • mTG antibodies showed significant reactivity with four out of nine PBC antigens, notably gp210 and PML protein.
  • Four PBC-specific antigens shared homology with mTG sequences.
  • mTG inhibited specific antigen-antibody binding to PDC M2, gp210, PML, and KLHL12 proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial mimics like mTG may be targets of cross-reactivity with human antigens.
  • Cross-reactivity between mTG and PBC-related antigens suggests a link to the development of autoimmune diseases such as PBC.