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Long COVID and Lung Involvement: A One-Year Longitudinal, Real-Life Study.

Motoc Nicoleta Stefania1, Claudia Toma2, Cosmina Ioana Bondor3

  • 1Department of Medical Sciences-Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Long COVID symptoms can persist, but post-COVID interstitial lung disease is rare. Initial disease severity is linked to long COVID, with hospitalization duration impacting early symptoms and lung function.

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long COVID syndromepost COVID interstitial lung diseasepost-COVID-19

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms beyond three months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, affects a significant patient population.
  • Understanding predictors of long COVID and associated complications like interstitial lung disease is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of post-COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID).
  • To evaluate factors associated with interstitial lung disease and functional decline in long COVID patients.
  • To assess the long-term pulmonary sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 210 patients hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (mild to critical) was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months post-discharge.
  • Pulmonary function tests (FVC, DLCO) and symptom burden were assessed.
  • Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to identify significant predictors.

Main Results:

  • Post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease was infrequent, with only one patient (0.5%) showing suspicion at 12 months.
  • Longer hospitalization duration correlated with lower FVC and DLCO at 3 months.
  • Increased hospitalization days were associated with a higher symptom burden at 3 and 6 months, remaining significant in regression analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Long COVID appears linked to the initial severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease is not a common complication.
  • Hospitalization duration is a significant factor influencing early symptom persistence and lung function post-COVID-19.