Application of Behavior Change Techniques (BCTTv1) to Reduce Antimicrobial Use in Livestock: A Scoping Review

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, partly driven by the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. Addressing this issue requires targeted interventions to influence behavioral drivers behind AMU practices. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) offer a structured approach to designing such interventions, yet their application in reducing AMU on farms remains underexplored. This scoping review systematically maps the current applications of the Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1) in interventions aimed at reducing AMU in livestock, while also identifying gaps in the literature and opportunities for future research. A comprehensive search across academic databases identified 23 relevant studies. Findings revealed the use of 37 BCTs, with commonly applied techniques including goal setting, instruction on behavior, credible sources, problem-solving, feedback on behavior, and self-monitoring. While some studies explicitly referenced BCTs, many applied them implicitly, without alignment with standardized frameworks. Intervention outcomes were influenced by contextual factors including financial, logistical, cultural, and technical challenges. This review underscores the importance of explicitly integrating and systematically reporting BCTs to enhance transparency, replicability, and scalability. Future interventions should adopt tailored, context-specific approaches to address regional and sectoral challenges, ultimately contributing to global efforts in combating AMR through improved antimicrobial stewardship.