PLGA-Based Strategies for Intranasal and Pulmonary Applications

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has emerged as a cornerstone in the development of advanced drug delivery systems, particularly for intranasal and pulmonary routes. Its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and adaptability make it an ideal platform for addressing challenges associated with conventional therapies. By enabling sustained and controlled drug release, PLGA formulations reduce dosing frequency, improve patient compliance, and enhance therapeutic efficacy. These systems demonstrate versatility, accommodating hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, biological molecules, and co-delivery of synergistic agents. Moreover, surface modifications and advanced preparation techniques enhance targeting, bioavailability, and stability, expanding PLGA's applications to treat complex diseases such as tuberculosis, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and CNS disorders. This manuscript provides an in-depth review of PLGA's materials, properties, preparation methods, and therapeutic applications, alongside a critical evaluation of challenges and future opportunities in this field.