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Xanthine Derivative KMUP-3 Alleviates Periodontal Bone Resorption by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis and Macrophage
Shang-En Huang1, Kai-Fang Hu2,3, Meng-Xuan Lin1
1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Aim:
This study investigated the function effects of KMUP-3, a self-developed synthetic xanthine-based derivative, in suppressing Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS)-aggravated osteoclastogenesis and pyroptosis as a potential treatment for periodontitis.
Methods:
In vitro, the effects of Pg-LPS and KMUP-3 on osteoclast formation and macrophage pyroptosis were investigated using the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-primed RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo, the therapeutic effects of KMUP-3 were evaluated in a model of experimental periodontitis induced by gingival ligature placement.
Results:
We reveal that KMUP-3 suppressed osteoclastogenesis, inducible nitric oxide synthase activation, and reduced nitric oxide production enhanced by Pg-LPS in RANKL-primed RAW264.7 cells while also decreasing TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway activation and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production; moreover, Pg-LPS promoted NLRP3 activation and exacerbated pyroptosis induction effects that were abolished by KMUP-3. Finally, KMUP-3 ameliorated alveolar bone loss and IL-1β levels in the gingival crevicular fluid in the rat ligature periodontitis model.
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that KMUP-3 attenuates Pg-LPS-enhanced osteoclastogenesis and macrophage pyroptosis. Notably, KMUP-3 alleviates alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis rats and thus suggests its certain role in safeguarding against periodontal bone resorption.
