Stem Cell Perspective for Regenerative Wound Healing: from Biology toward Future Clinical Directions: A Review

Chronic wounds, a major clinical challenge, still need to develop new methods based on efficient technologies to improve treatment results. Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), as an advanced approach in skin regenerative medicine, brought new hopes. The multifaceted effects of MSCs, including paracrine signaling, trophic factor secretion, and modulation of the wound microenvironment, orchestrate a cascade of regenerative, plays a critical role in tissue repair. Preclinical investigations have revealed the regenerative capacity of MSCs in accelerating wound closure, promoting angiogenesis, and fostering a pro-healing environment in chronic wound models. Clinical trials have also confirmed these findings and show the efficacy of MSC treatment in accelerating wound healing and improving the quality of healed tissue in patients with chronic wounds. Despite the therapeutic progress, key issues, such as optimal cell sourcing, cell dosage, delivery modalities, and long-term safety profiles, there are a number of unresolved issues which need to be dealt with. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current state of stem cell research in wound healing, and offers a new new hope for effective and innovative treatments in regenerative medicine.