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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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RNA Structure01:23

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Protein and Protein Structure02:15

Protein and Protein Structure

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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
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Three- and four-stranded nucleic acid structures and their ligands.

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Nucleic acids form non-canonical structures like triplexes and quadruplexes, offering novel therapeutic targets. Small molecules targeting these structures show promise for treating diseases by addressing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nucleic acids form diverse secondary structures beyond canonical duplexes.
  • Non-canonical nucleic acid structures play crucial regulatory roles in cellular processes.
  • Targeting nucleic acids offers a strategy for developing therapeutics against 'undruggable' targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the properties of three- and four-stranded nucleic acid structures.
  • To discuss small molecules designed to target these non-canonical structures.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting nucleic acid triplexes and quadruplexes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nucleic acid structures.
  • Analysis of the structural differences between canonical and non-canonical forms.
  • Examination of small molecule design principles for nucleic acid targeting.

Main Results:

  • Non-canonical structures (triplexes, quadruplexes) exhibit unique 3D conformations.
  • These structures present opportunities for selective small molecule binding.
  • Small molecules targeting triplexes and quadruplexes are being developed for therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Triplexes and quadruplexes are promising therapeutic targets due to their distinct structures.
  • Small molecule design must address selectivity challenges inherent in nucleic acid targeting.
  • Targeting non-canonical nucleic acid structures represents a novel frontier in drug discovery.