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Social Media Posts About Medical Tests With Potential for Overdiagnosis.

Brooke Nickel1,2, Ray Moynihan2,3, Emma Grundtvig Gram4

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Summary

Most social media posts about popular medical tests are misleading, often omitting harms like overdiagnosis. Stricter regulation of online health information is crucial.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Public Health Communication
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Social media platforms are significant sources of health information.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding how medical tests with overdiagnosis/overuse potential are discussed online.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze social media discussions of five popular medical tests.
  • To identify how benefits, harms, and overall tone are presented in these posts.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 1000 Instagram and TikTok posts (2015-2024) on five specific medical tests.
  • Posts were screened for relevance, language, and account follower count.
  • Descriptive summaries and logistic regression were used to analyze content and influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • 87.1% of posts mentioned benefits, but only 14.7% mentioned harms, with 6.1% specifically addressing overdiagnosis or overuse.
  • 83.8% of posts had a promotional tone; evidence was cited in only 6.4%.
  • Physician-led posts were more likely to discuss harms but less likely to be promotional.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of social media content on these medical tests is misleading, lacking crucial information on potential harms.
  • There is a significant need for enhanced regulation of health-related content on social media platforms.
  • Misinformation regarding medical tests on social media poses risks to public health and informed decision-making.