Sweroside ameliorates IMQ-induced psoriasiform inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1 mediated IL-1β elevation

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder with no cure, posing challenges in long-term therapy and economic burden. Sweroside (SOS), an iridoid compound from Gentiana, shows promise for treatment due to its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, SOS significantly reduced erythema, thickening, and scaling in IMQ-induced psoriasiform mice, lowered serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and suppressed inflammatory marker expression. Molecular docking revealed strong binding to IL-1β and NLRP3 proteins. Western blot and RT-PCR confirmed that SOS inhibited NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase-1, ASC, and IL-1β expression. SOS's inhibition of IL-1β production is mediated through the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway. Additionally, SOS regulates IL-1β signal transduction and precursor production, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects linked to NF-κB signaling inhibition in HaCaT cells. Thus, SOS has potential as a psoriasis treatment.