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Diaphragm dysfunction: how to diagnose and how to treat?
Filipa Jesus1, Anda Hazenberg2,3, Marieke Duiverman2,3
1Department of Pulmonology, Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda EPE, Guarda, Portugal.
Breathe (Sheffield, England)
|February 27, 2025
Summary
Diaphragmatic dysfunction impacts breathing and quality of life. This review highlights key diagnostic tools like ultrasonography and treatment options for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Neurology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- The diaphragm is vital for respiration but prone to dysfunction from neurological, neuromuscular, or muscular pathologies.
- Diaphragmatic dysfunction leads to symptoms like shortness of breath and respiratory failure, affecting patient well-being.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of diaphragmatic dysfunction.
- To highlight diagnostic modalities and treatment options for early recognition and management.
Main Methods:
- Clinical evaluation, pulmonary function tests, and imaging techniques including radiography, fluoroscopy, and ultrasonography.
- Ultrasonography is emphasized as a sensitive, noninvasive bedside tool for assessing diaphragm function and monitoring progression.
Main Results:
- Various imaging techniques aid in assessing diaphragmatic movement, with ultrasonography showing high sensitivity and specificity.
- Treatment varies by cause, including conservative measures, surgery, diaphragmatic pacing, and ventilatory support.
Conclusions:
- Despite diagnostic advances, systematic diaphragmatic function evaluation is inconsistent.
- Early recognition and management through comprehensive assessment and tailored treatments are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
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