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Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES
Mohamed Mohamoud Adan1, Bowen Hu2, Minbo Yan3
1Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) shows a positive association with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men. This link is influenced by socioeconomic factors, suggesting a complex relationship relevant for prostate cancer screening.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Urology
- Public Health
Background:
- High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are increasingly implicated in modulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
- The precise relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and PSA remains debated and complex.
- Understanding this association is crucial for accurate prostate cancer screening and risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between serum HDL-C levels and PSA concentrations in adult men.
- To explore potential confounding factors, including sociodemographic variables and socioeconomic status, in the HDL-C and PSA relationship.
- To analyze the interaction between HDL-C levels and socioeconomic factors on PSA concentrations.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2001-2010).
- Included 6,669 adult men without a prostate cancer diagnosis, analyzing PSA, HDL-C, and sociodemographic data.
- Employed weighted chi-square tests, linear regression models, and smoothed curve fitting to assess associations and interactions.
Main Results:
- A significant positive association was found between serum HDL-C levels and PSA concentrations across unadjusted and adjusted models.
- Each unit increase in HDL-C was associated with a significant increase in PSA levels (e.g., 0.470 ng/ml in unadjusted models).
- A significant interaction between household income and HDL-C levels (P=0.037) was observed, indicating a nuanced relationship influenced by socioeconomic status.
Conclusions:
- Serum HDL-C levels are positively associated with PSA concentrations in adult men without a prostate cancer diagnosis.
- Socioeconomic factors, particularly household income, significantly modify the relationship between HDL-C and PSA.
- These findings underscore the importance of considering HDL-C and socioeconomic status in prostate cancer screening and risk stratification.
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