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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Spatial Resolution in Nanoscale TERS Imaging: Current Status, Challenges, and Guidelines.

Renato Zenobi¹, Naresh Kumar¹, Prabhat Verma²

¹Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

|February 27, 2025

Summary

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) offers nanoscale light-matter interaction insights. This review clarifies inconsistent spatial resolution reporting in TERS, proposing standardized methods for accurate measurements.

Keywords:

Nanospectroscopy nanodrift nanoimaging optical nanoconfinement plasmonic enhancement

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Area of Science:

Nanophotonics
Spectroscopy
Materials Science

Background:

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a powerful nano-optical technique for nanoscale light-matter interaction studies.
Established nearly 25 years ago, TERS provides unparalleled spatial resolution for probing materials at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the controversy and inconsistency in reporting spatial resolution in TERS measurements.
To highlight the impact of various experimental conditions on TERS spatial resolution.
To propose standardized guidelines for determining and reporting TERS spatial resolution.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on TERS spatial resolution reporting.
Analysis of factors influencing spatial resolution in TERS, including experimental conditions.
Development of a comprehensive framework for assessing TERS spatial resolution.

Main Results:

Spatial resolution reporting in TERS is inconsistent and lacks a standardized methodology.
Numerous experimental factors significantly influence TERS spatial resolution, often overlooked in studies.
Current reporting methods yield varying spatial resolution values, complicating comparisons.

Conclusions:

A standardized approach to defining and reporting TERS spatial resolution is crucial for the field.
Understanding and controlling experimental parameters are essential for achieving optimal spatial resolution in TERS.
This review provides essential guidelines for accurate and consistent spatial resolution determination in TERS research.