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The Exercise Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESQ) reliably measures anxiety related to exercise sensations in cardiovascular patients. It identifies two key factors: cardiopulmonary and pain/weakness anxiety, impacting exercise tolerance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • The Exercise Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESQ) assesses exercise-induced anxiety, crucial for individuals with cardiovascular conditions.
  • Initial validation was in a non-clinical sample; this study focuses on a clinical population.
  • Understanding exercise sensitivity is vital for optimizing cardiac rehabilitation outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the factor structure of the ESQ in adults with cardiovascular conditions.
  • To assess the measurement invariance of the ESQ across different demographic groups (sex, age).
  • To confirm the ESQ's validity and reliability as a measure of exercise sensitivity in a clinical context.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study with retrospective chart review of 265 cardiac rehabilitation patients.
  • Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) examined the ESQ's factor structure.
  • Measurement invariance tested by sex and age groups; internal consistency and validity assessed.

Main Results:

  • A two-factor model (cardiopulmonary and pain/weakness sensations) was supported by CFA and demonstrated invariance.
  • High internal consistency was found for ESQ items.
  • ESQ scores correlated with higher BMI, reduced 6-Minute Walk Test distance, and anxiety measures, showing preliminary concurrent validity.

Conclusions:

  • The ESQ is a valid and reliable two-dimensional tool for assessing exercise sensitivity in cardiovascular patients.
  • The ESQ captures a psychological phenotype relevant to exercise tolerance and cardiac rehabilitation.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the ESQ's clinical utility and impact on rehabilitation participation.