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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Published on: February 27, 2017

Perovskite Crystallization Regulation by a Green Antisolvent for High-Performance NiO-Based Inverted Solar Cells.

Qing Sun¹, Gang Liu¹, Shaocong Duan¹

¹State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.

|February 27, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Green antisolvents like dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are crucial for sustainable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). DMC enables high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability for PSCs.

Keywords:

crystallization regulation green antisolvents high efficiency and stability high-quality perovskite films perovskite solar cells

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

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Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Photovoltaics

Background:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) require efficient and sustainable manufacturing processes.
Traditional antisolvents like chlorobenzene (CB) are toxic and environmentally harmful.
Developing green antisolvents is essential for reproducible and eco-friendly PSC fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the performance of green antisolvents (ethyl acetate - EA, dimethyl carbonate - DMC) with a toxic antisolvent (CB) for PSCs.
To investigate the impact of DMC on perovskite film quality and device performance.
To evaluate the long-term stability of PSCs fabricated using DMC.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of PSCs using different antisolvents (CB, EA, DMC).
Characterization of perovskite film properties including grain size and crystal quality.
Device performance testing, including power conversion efficiency (PCE) measurements.
Long-term stability testing under environmental conditions.

Main Results:

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) resulted in perovskite films with enhanced grain size and superior crystal quality compared to CB and EA.
DMC promoted optimal energy level alignment and mitigated nonradiative recombination.
The DMC-based PSC achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.18%.
The device retained 92% of its initial PCE after approximately 1000 hours of environmental testing.

Conclusions:

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a highly effective green antisolvent for fabricating high-performance and stable PSCs.
The use of DMC leads to improved perovskite film morphology and reduced energy losses.
DMC offers a sustainable alternative to toxic antisolvents, paving the way for commercialization of efficient PSCs.