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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.1K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
1.1K
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

918
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
918
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

216
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
216
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.3K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
1.3K
Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor01:26

Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor

4.6K
Consider a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium. The net electric field inside a conductor vanishes, and extra charges on the conductor reside on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate.
In the 19th century, Michael Faraday conducted the famous ice pail experiment to prove that the charges always reside on the surface of a conductor. The experimental set-up consists of a conducting uncharged container mounted on an insulating stand. The outer surface of the container is...
4.6K
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.4K

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Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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Ephemeral superconductivity atop the false vacuum.

Gal Shavit1,2, Stevan Nadj-Perge3,4, Gil Refael3

  • 1Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA. gshavit@caltech.edu.

Nature Communications
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored transient superconductivity in graphene, observing ephemeral superconducting states after phase transitions. These states can enhance the stability of correlated false vacuum states, offering new insights into non-equilibrium phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Many-body systems near first-order phase transitions can enter long-lived false-vacuum states.
  • Graphene multilayer devices exhibit complex phase diagrams, enabling the study of transient phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate transient superconductivity emerging from a correlated false vacuum in graphene.
  • To explore the interplay between superconductivity and false-vacuum states under non-equilibrium conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of superconductors undergoing first-order phase transitions.
  • Analysis of transport measurements to detect ephemeral superconducting states.
  • Investigating the influence of transient superconductivity on false-vacuum lifetime.

Main Results:

  • Quenching across a first-order transition induces a detectable non-equilibrium ephemeral superconductor.
  • The transient superconductor significantly enhances the lifetime of the false vacuum.
  • Superconductivity can be temporarily strengthened within the false vacuum.

Conclusions:

  • Rhombohedral graphene provides a platform for realizing and measuring non-equilibrium superconductivity.
  • Transient superconductivity and false-vacuum dynamics are intricately linked in these systems.
  • The findings open avenues for exploring exotic quantum states in engineered materials.