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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Updated: May 25, 2025

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openSSS: an open-source implementation of scatter estimation for 3D TOF-PET.

Rodrigo José Santo1, André Salomon2, Hugo W A M de Jong3

  • 1Department of Radiotherapy, Imaging & Oncology Division, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. r.josesanto@umcutrecht.nl.

EJNMMI Physics
|February 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed openSSS, an open-source tool for accurate time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) scatter correction. This validated algorithm improves quantitative PET imaging on custom scanner geometries.

Keywords:
Open-source softwareQuantitative PETScatter correctionTOF-PET

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Accurate scatter correction is crucial for quantitative time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
  • Existing open-source reconstruction libraries lack TOF-aware scatter estimation algorithms compatible with custom geometries.
  • Scattered photon distribution estimation is key for precise PET image reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an open-source implementation of the TOF-aware single-scatter-simulation (SSS) algorithm.
  • To provide a vendor-independent scatter estimation tool for research and custom PET scanner designs.
  • To address the lack of open-source, TOF-compatible scatter correction methods for PET.

Main Methods:

  • Developed openSSS, an open-source TOF-aware single-scatter-simulation (SSS) algorithm.
  • Validated openSSS using NEMA phantoms and patient data across three PET geometries.
  • Compared openSSS performance against Monte Carlo simulations and proprietary vendor reconstruction platforms.

Main Results:

  • Reconstructed images using openSSS showed comparable contrast recovery and background variability to established methods.
  • Deviations in contrast recovery were up to 3.7%-point, and background variability up to 1.8.
  • Visual assessment confirmed the similarity of images reconstructed with openSSS.

Conclusions:

  • An open-source scatter estimation library, openSSS, has been successfully developed and validated.
  • openSSS complements existing PET reconstruction frameworks, enabling vendor-independent reconstructions.
  • This tool is vital for transparent research in quantitative PET and the development of novel PET scanners.