Peony Seed Oil Inhibited Neuroinflammation by PPAR/RXR Signaling Pathway in D-Gal Induced Mice

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Essential fatty acids, particularly n-3 PUFA, are known to regulate inflammation and inhibit neuroinflammation.
• Peony seed oil is a rich source of n-3 PUFA, but its specific mechanisms in the brain remain unclear.
• Neuroinflammation is implicated in various neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of peony seed oil (PSO) on neuroinflammation in a mouse model.
• To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of PSO's anti-inflammatory actions in the brain.
• To compare the effects of PSO with fish oil (FO) as a known source of n-3 PUFA.

Main Methods:

• Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: D-galactose induced model, D-gal + fish oil, and D-gal + peony seed oil.
• Fatty acid composition in liver and brain tissues was analyzed after 10 weeks.
• Gene and protein expression related to inflammation and fatty acid metabolism were examined.

Main Results:

• PSO and FO groups showed increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and decreased arachidonic acid (AA) in brain and liver tissues.
• Upregulation of Fads1/2, Elovl2, Acaa1a, PPARG, RXRA, and IL-10 was observed in PSO and FO groups.
• Downregulation of Acox1, Acox3, AGERs, TNF-α, PLA2, and PGF2α, along with reduced tau phosphorylation, was noted in PSO and FO groups.
• PSO inhibited neuroinflammation and rescued Mapt gene splicing disruption.

Conclusions:

• Peony seed oil, abundant in n-3 PUFA, effectively inhibits neuroinflammation.
• PSO activates the PPAR/RXR signaling pathway, promoting n-3/n-6 biosynthesis and protecting against neuroinflammation.
• These findings support the therapeutic potential of peony seed oil for neurological conditions involving inflammation.