Herbivore-induced maize volatiles: dual functions in repelling fall armyworm and attracting natural enemies

Since its invasion of China, the fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) has rapidly become a major threat to maize production, raising significant concerns about national food security. This study investigates the effects of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), released by maize in response to FAW larval infestation, on the oviposition behavior of female FAW.

Larval feeding behavior induces the release of specific volatiles that deter female oviposition through olfactory repulsion and oviposition inhibition. Notably, compounds such as linalool, β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene and indole significantly deter FAW oviposition. Among these, linalool and β-caryophyllene display dual functions, both deterring FAW and attracting natural enemies.

This study highlights the dual role of HIPVs in deterring FAW and attracting natural enemies, revealing crucial ecological interactions among FAW, HIPVs, and their natural enemies. These findings provide valuable insights into sustainable and eco-friendly pest management strategies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.