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Area of Science:

  • Sustainable Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy Technologies
  • Catalysis and Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional graphite and aviation fuel production relies on fossil fuels, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Biomass offers a renewable alternative, but challenges include catalyst requirements for graphite and low selectivity for aviation fuel.
  • Existing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) pathways often produce paraffins, impacting energy density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel process for producing graphite and SAF from biomass-derived heavy bio-oil.
  • To achieve catalyst-free graphite production and high selectivity towards SAF.
  • To evaluate the performance of the produced biographite and SAF.

Main Methods:

  • Heavy bio-oil underwent a three-stage conversion process: coking (500°C), calcination (1000°C), and graphitization (2800°C).
  • The liquid hydrocarbon co-product was processed for hydrotreating into SAF.
  • Biographite performance was tested in lithium-ion battery configurations, and SAF was analyzed for fuel properties.

Main Results:

  • Catalyst-free biographite was produced with a specific capacity of ~330 mAh g⁻¹ and 96.8% capacity rebound after high-rate cycling.
  • The aviation fuel fraction (70 wt%) met ASTM standards, primarily composed of cycloalkanes (~80 wt%).
  • Cycloalkane-rich SAF offers improved energy density and reduced soot production compared to conventional jet fuel.

Conclusions:

  • A viable, catalyst-free pathway from biomass to high-performance biographite and ASTM-compliant SAF has been demonstrated.
  • The produced biographite shows excellent potential for lithium-ion battery applications.
  • The cycloalkane-rich SAF presents a promising alternative to fossil-derived fuels, enhancing energy density and reducing emissions.