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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • Thermo-optic (TO) phase shifters are crucial for optical switching.
    • Achieving polarization-insensitivity in silicon photonics remains a challenge.
    • Vertical slot waveguides offer unique mode confinement properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate polarization-insensitive thermo-optic phase shifters.
    • To engineer silicon photonic devices for dual-polarization operation.
    • To enable polarization-independent optical switches.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing vertical slot waveguides to equalize TO coefficients for TE and TM modes.
    • Characterizing TO coefficients by measuring electrical switching powers in MZI optical switches.
    • Experimentally validating the performance of developed dual-polarization optical switches.

    Main Results:

    • Engineered slot waveguide designs achieved nearly identical TO coefficients for TE0 and TM0 modes.
    • A switching power difference of less than 0.3% was observed between polarization modes.
    • The developed optical switch demonstrated robust polarization-independent performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Vertical slot waveguides are effective for creating polarization-insensitive TO phase shifters.
    • The proposed phase shifters show significant potential for realizing polarization-independent silicon photonic switches.
    • This work advances the development of high-performance, polarization-agnostic photonic integrated circuits.