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Ultrahigh-Energy Particle Collisions and Heavy Dark Matter at Phase Transitions
Iason Baldes1, Maximilian Dichtl2,3, Yann Gouttenoire4,5
1Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France.
We introduce bubbletrons, ultrahigh-energy particle shell collisions from cosmological phase transitions. These collisions can generate dark matter and gravitational waves across a wide frequency range.
Area of Science:
- Cosmology
- Particle Physics
- Gravitational Wave Astronomy
Background:
- Cosmological first-order phase transitions (PT) produce relativistic bubbles with particle shells.
- Ultrahigh-energy phenomena are key to understanding the early universe and dark matter production.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce and define "bubbletrons" as ultrahigh-energy collisions of particle shells from cosmological PT.
- Investigate the potential of bubbletrons to produce dark matter.
- Explore the connection between bubbletrons and gravitational wave generation.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical analysis of particle shell collisions at relativistic bubble walls.
- Calculation of maximal dark matter mass produced in a U(1) gauge phase transition.
- Modeling of gravitational wave emission from cosmological phase transitions.
Main Results:
- Maximal dark matter mass (M_{DM}) depends on the phase transition scale (v_{ϕ}).
- Calculated M_{DM} can reach ~10^5/10^11/10^15 GeV for v_{ϕ} ~10^{-2}/10^3/10^9 GeV.
- Bubbletrons establish a link between ultrahigh-energy events and gravitational waves.
Conclusions:
- Bubbletrons offer a new mechanism for dark matter production in the early universe.
- The study predicts gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions across nanohertz to megahertz frequencies.
- Bubbletrons provide a novel observational window into early universe physics.
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