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Updated: May 24, 2025

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Published on: November 15, 2013
Ultrahigh-Energy Particle Collisions and Heavy Dark Matter at Phase Transitions
Iason Baldes1, Maximilian Dichtl2,3, Yann Gouttenoire4,5
1Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France.
Abstract:
We initiate the study of "bubbletrons," by which we mean ultrahigh-energy collisions of the particle shells that generically form at the walls of relativistic bubbles in cosmological first-order phase transitions (PT). As an application, we calculate the maximal dark matter mass M_{DM} that bubbletrons can produce in a U(1) gauge PT, finding M_{DM}∼10^{5}/10^{11}/10^{15} GeV for PT scales v_{ϕ}∼10^{-2}/10^{3}/10^{9} GeV. Bubbletrons realize a novel link between ultrahigh-energy phenomena and gravitational waves sourced at the PT, from nanohertz to megahertz frequencies.
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