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Guidelines for Writing Outcome

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube...

Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding

Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding

Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
Orogastric (OG) and nasogastric (NG) feeding are two standard methods used for enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is often preferred over...

Role of Communication in the Nursing Process II: Planning and Implementation

Role of Communication in the Nursing Process II: Planning and Implementation

Several factors are considered while creating a patient's care plan. Motivation is a factor in improving communication, and patients often require encouragement to try different approaches involving significant change. It is essential to involve the patient and family in decisions about the plan of care to determine whether the suggested methods are acceptable. Consider meeting critical comfort and safety needs before introducing new communication methods and techniques. Allow adequate time...

Nursing Evaluation

Nursing Evaluation

The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the expected results. Whereas the nurse collects data in the nursing assessment to identify the patient's health concerns, the evaluation stage data determines if the indicated health issues are resolved. Evaluative data collection includes two sections: the data acquired to evaluate patient outcomes and the time criteria for data collection.

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Which Outcomes Should We be Using in Critical Care Nutrition Trials?

Naomi Watson¹, Saira Nazeer², Zudin Puthucheary³

¹The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Critical Care Clinics

|February 28, 2025

Summary

Choosing the right outcome measures is vital for clinical trials. Core and exploratory outcomes, including surrogate outcomes, enhance research consistency and enable early intervention for critical illness.

Keywords:

Core outcome sets Exploratory outcomes Surrogate markers

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Last Updated: May 24, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies

Published on: January 16, 2019

Use of a Central Venous Line for Fluids, Drugs and Nutrient Administration in a Mouse Model of Critical Illness

Use of a Central Venous Line for Fluids, Drugs and Nutrient Administration in a Mouse Model of Critical Illness

Published on: May 2, 2017

Area of Science:

Clinical trial design
Biomedical research methodology
Critical illness studies

Background:

Appropriate outcome measure selection is crucial for robust clinical trial design.
Core outcome sets, developed with stakeholder input, standardize research and support conclusive recommendations.
Exploratory outcomes offer novel insights into disease mechanisms and treatment effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of core and exploratory outcomes in clinical research.
To emphasize the potential of surrogate outcomes for early intervention in critical illness.

Main Methods:

Review of principles in clinical trial outcome measure selection.
Discussion of the role of stakeholder input in defining core outcome sets.
Exploration of the utility of exploratory and surrogate outcomes.

Main Results:

Core outcome sets improve research consistency and facilitate definitive conclusions.
Exploratory outcomes provide deeper understanding of disease pathophysiology and treatment response.
Development of surrogate outcomes can lead to earlier, potentially preventative, interventions.

Conclusions:

Integrating core and exploratory outcomes optimizes clinical trial design.
Surrogate outcomes hold promise for proactive management of critical illness, shifting focus from sequelae management to prevention.