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Tracing impacts of prenatal exposure to bisphenol analogues on child anogenital distance development: A birth-cohort

Jiaxian Chen1, Maohua Miao2, Xiuxia Song2

  • 1Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|March 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Prenatal exposure to bisphenol analogues (BPs) impacts children's reproductive development. Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) showed lasting, sex-specific effects on anogenital distance (AGD) in a Chinese birth cohort.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Toxicology
  • Pediatric Development

Background:

  • Prenatal exposure to bisphenol analogues (BPs) is widespread.
  • Evidence linking BPs to human reproductive development is limited and inconsistent.
  • Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive indicator of reproductive development in infants and children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between prenatal exposure to BPs and children's AGD.
  • To examine sex-specific effects and identify key BPs contributing to altered reproductive development.
  • To assess the lasting impacts of BPs on AGD from birth to 48 months.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study (n=545 mother-child pairs).
  • Measured BPs in maternal urine during late pregnancy.
  • Assessed children's AGD (boys: AGDAP, AGDAS; girls: AGDAC, AGDAF) from birth to 48 months.
  • Employed Bayesian kernel machine regression for mixture analysis.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were associated with altered AGDAP in boys at 6 and 12 months.
  • Higher prenatal BPA, BPF, and BPS levels correlated with longer AGD and rapid AGD growth in girls at 48 months.
  • BP mixtures significantly associated with AGD in both sexes; BPF and BPS were key contributors.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal exposure to BPA and its alternatives has lasting, sex-specific effects on children's reproductive development.
  • BPF and BPS are significant contributors to altered AGD.
  • Findings highlight the need for monitoring and mitigating BP exposure during pregnancy.

Keywords:
Anogenital distanceBisphenol analoguesGroup-based trajectory modelingPrenatal exposureReproductive development

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