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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Recreating Melanoma Complexity with Patient-Derived Organoids for Immunotherapy Evaluation

Author Spotlight: Recreating Melanoma Complexity with Patient-Derived Organoids for Immunotherapy Evaluation

Published on: September 6, 2024

Decoding melanoma's cellular mosaic to unlock immunotherapy potential.

Joanna Pozniak¹, Jean-Christophe Marine¹

¹Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Trends in Cell Biology

|March 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell multiomics reveals the complex mosaic of cutaneous melanoma, improving understanding of cancer evolution and immunotherapy resistance. These advanced technologies are transforming cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords:

immunotherapy intra-tumor heterogeneity melanoma single-cell multi-omics

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Immunology

Background:

Cancer evolution is complex, influenced by intra-tumor heterogeneity from genetic mutations, epigenetics, immune infiltration, and microenvironment.
Identifying reliable cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets is challenging due to this heterogeneity.
Understanding cellular machinery and tissue architecture is key to cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To review how single-cell multiomics advances our understanding of cutaneous melanoma biology.
To explore the mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance in cutaneous melanoma.
To highlight the transformative potential of multiomic technologies in cancer research.

Main Methods:

Single-cell sequencing technologies.
Spatial multiomics approaches.
Review of current literature on cutaneous melanoma and immunotherapy.

Main Results:

Single-cell multiomics provides unprecedented insights into the cellular and molecular landscape of cutaneous melanoma.
These technologies illuminate the intricate interactions driving cancer progression and heterogeneity.
Crucial information regarding mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy has been uncovered.

Conclusions:

Single-cell multiomics is revolutionizing the study of cancer, akin to restoring ancient mosaics.
Unraveling the cancer mosaic will transform diagnosis and treatment strategies.
These advancements offer new hope for overcoming immunotherapy resistance in melanoma.