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Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
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Surround modulation is predominantly orientation-unspecific in macaque V1.

Xing-Nan Zhao1, Sheng-Hui Zhang1, Shi-Ming Tang2

  • 1School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China; PKU-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.

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Summary

Surround modulation in V1 neurons is largely orientation-unspecific, acting as a population gain control. Surround stimuli primarily scale neuronal responses, affecting all orientations rather than specific ones.

Keywords:
MacaqueOrientationPopulation gain controlSurround modulationTwo-photon imagingV1

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Cortex Function
  • Neural Coding

Background:

  • Surround modulation is crucial for visual stimulus integration and segregation in V1 neurons.
  • Previous research suggested this modulation is orientation-specific, with iso-oriented surrounds causing greater suppression than cross-oriented ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that V1 surround modulation is primarily orientation-unspecific.
  • To investigate if observed orientation-specific effects are due to overall gain changes affecting all orientation-tuned neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Two-photon calcium imaging in awake, fixating macaques.
  • Comparison of V1 population orientation tuning functions under iso- and cross-surround conditions.
  • Analysis of population coding to assess information degradation.

Main Results:

  • Individual neurons showed expected orientation-specific surround suppression.
  • Population analysis revealed iso-surrounds cause general orientation-unspecific suppression across all neurons.
  • Cross-surrounds primarily reduce orientation-unspecific suppression by scaling up responses.
  • Surround suppression degrades target orientation information by reducing the number of contributing neurons.

Conclusions:

  • V1 surround modulation functions as a population gain control mechanism.
  • Surround stimuli predominantly scale the responses of the entire neuronal population.
  • Orientation-specific effects are a weaker component of surround modulation in V1.