Effect of 1-nitropyrene exposure on the biological behavior of trophoblast cells

1-nitropyrene (1-NP) is a toxic component of PM_2.5 that adversely affects human health, especially pregnant women; however, the mechanisms are still unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanisms by which 1-NP influences trophoblast cell behaviors. HTR8/Svneo cells were treated by different concentrations of 1-NP (0, 5, 10, 20 μM) to assess clonogenic, invasive, and migratory abilities. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of EMT and Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins. 1-NP significantly inhibited HTR8/Svneo cell clonogenic ability, especially at 10 μM and 20 μM (P < 0.01). Invasiveness decreased by 68.44 % at 5 μM (P < 0.05), and migration was significantly inhibited at 10 μM and 20 μM (P < 0.05). Western blot revealed increased E-cadherin and decreased Vimentin (P < 0.01), elevated β-catenin (P < 0.05), and reduced APC (P < 0.01). In summary, 1-NP impacts trophoblast cell clonogenicity, invasion, and migration by modulating EMT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, providing novel insights into its biological effects on trophoblast cells.